| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Beech-maple forest ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Beech-maple forest
A beech-maple forest or a maple beech forest is a climax mesic closed canopy hardwood forest.〔(Eco Succession )〕 It is primarily composed of American beech and sugar maple trees which co-dominate the forest and which are the pinnacle of plant succession in their range.〔(Perinton Natural History page describing Harts Woods, a National Natural Landmark beech maple forest )〕 A form of this forest was the most common forest type in the Northeastern United States when it was settled by Europeans and remains widespread but scattered today.
== Description ==
The canopy is dominated by American beech and sugar maple trees, providing little light to the understory. The reduced light provides poor conditions for shrubs, with the exceptions of American witch-hazel and alderleaf viburnum shrubs.〔 The ground cover includes herbs and spring ephemerals, flowers which are able to bloom before the canopy fills in.〔(Lake Erie Allegheny Partnership for Biodiversity )〕 Seedlings of beech and maple trees are shade-tolerant, allowing them to grow in low light conditions for several years. These seedling are waiting for an opening in the canopy, and grow rapidly when an opening is made by the death of a mature tree.〔(Sugar Maple Aceraceae -- Maple family )〕
Beech-maple forests are often found on flat or rolling terrain, in a variety of moist to well-drained soils with high levels of organic matter.〔〔(Michigan Natural Features Inventory )〕 They thrive in glacial till from the Wisconsin glaciation.〔(Bio440 lecture notes Bette A. Loiselle )〕 Typically, in sandy soils, the maple is more common while in soils that have more clay in them, the beech is more dominant.〔 There must be a fairly high level of precipitation.〔(Study of the North-facing Slope of the Grand Valley State University Ravines )〕
These forests are the result of ecological succession, a long progression of different plant species over centuries. One possible sere is from bare ground, it would start with weeds, then shrubs, weedy trees (such as mulberry), then coniferous trees (such as juniper) and additional types such as ash lead to a mixed mesophytic forest. Eventually, an oak-hickory forest develops. If the conditions allow, the final climax community for several different series〔(Changes in the Community ), Bio 3300 Dr. John B. Pascarella, Valdosta State University.〕 is the beech-maple community.〔(Plant Succession Course description )〕 Even in a climax community dominated by two types of trees, there can be many different species of trees on the edges of the forest, in windthrow gaps or in microclimates.〔(Neonaturalist Natural Communities )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Beech-maple forest」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|